Ionian islands / Ιονια νησια

The largest of the Ionian islands, this island (also known has Kefallinia or Zephalonia) together with some small islands close by has an area of more than 900 km². The main town is Argostolion. Wine was grown here in Homers time, in the 8th century BC. In the course of its history, the island has been ruled by Romans, Franks, Turks, Venecians, the French and the Egnlish. A severe earthquake took place in 1953, which led to almost half the population leaving the island. Phylloxera appeared for the first time on the island in the 1980’s, and casued major problems. Mainly indigenous varieties are cultivated on limestone-rich soils at an altitude of 250 to 800 metres above sea level. The most-widely planted variety, at 330 hectares, is Robola, others include Kozanitis (mainly table grapes), Mavrodaphne (Thyniatico), Moscato Aspro (Muscat Blanc), Perachoritiko, Tsaoussi and Zakynthino. There are three appellations. The dry OPAP white wine Robola Kephallonia is a varietal wine made from Robola grapes. The white OPE dessert wine Muscat Kephallonia is made in Vin doux, Vin doux naturel (fortified) and Vin doux naturel Grand Cru (from overripe grapes) versions. The naturally sweet OPE red wine Mavrodaphne Kephallonia is a varietal wine made from Mavrodaphne grapes. The most important wine producers include Calligas, Cosmetatos and Metaxas.